A recent pilot study from Ohio State University suggests that a ketogenic diet may significantly reduce symptoms of major depressive disorder (MDD) in young adults. Over a 10–12 week period, 16 college students diagnosed with MDD followed a keto diet while continuing their prescribed medication, counseling, or both. Researchers observed a striking 70% reduction in depression scores, along with improvements in cognitive performance, overall well-being, and modest weight loss.
These findings highlight the potential of nutritional ketosis as a supportive, adjunctive therapy for depression. Compared to the typical 50% symptom reduction achieved through conventional treatment alone, the reported improvements appear noteworthy. However, experts caution that the study was small, lacked a control group, and should not be interpreted as evidence that the keto diet directly caused the improvements. While promising, the research emphasizes the need for larger, controlled trials before keto can be considered a reliable mental health treatment.
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Ketosis and Brain Function
The ketogenic diet has long been recognized for its therapeutic role in managing neurological conditions such as epilepsy. More recently, researchers have turned their attention to its potential effects on brain health and mood regulation.
When the body enters ketosis, the brain shifts from relying primarily on glucose to using ketones as its main fuel source, explained Mike Kocsis, founder of Balance My Hormones in the United Kingdom, who was not involved in the study.
“Ketones act as signaling molecules that influence brain chemistry,” Kocsis told Healthline. “This metabolic change may enhance mitochondrial efficiency, reduce inflammation, and stabilize blood sugar levels — all factors closely tied to mood and emotional regulation.”
Ketones may also support the production of GABA, a neurotransmitter that promotes calmness and helps regulate anxiety. In the Ohio State study, participants not only reported reduced depression symptoms but also demonstrated improvements in cognitive performance, indicating enhanced overall brain function.
Keto Diet and Broader Mental Health Benefits
Emerging evidence suggests that the ketogenic diet may offer support for a range of mental health conditions beyond depression. Early studies have explored its potential impact on neurological and psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, ADHD, bipolar disorder, Parkinson’s disease, and Alzheimer’s disease. In one small 2024 study involving three adults, participants experienced complete remission of both major depression and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) within 7–12 weeks of achieving therapeutic nutritional ketosis. While encouraging, such results must be interpreted cautiously until validated by larger, controlled trials.
Keto Diet Is Not a Substitute for Treatment
Experts emphasize that while the pilot study findings are promising, they do not amount to proof. “These results show potential, not certainty,” noted therapist Shelly Dar, who was not involved in the study. “In my work, I see how much clients value practical tools they can control themselves, so research like this feels encouraging. But more evidence is needed before keto could ever be considered a primary treatment.”
Both Dar and Mike Kocsis, founder of Balance My Hormones, agree that dietary interventions should be seen as complementary rather than replacements for established therapies. In the Ohio State study, participants continued with their prescribed medication and counseling while following the keto diet — an approach experts say is safest.
There are also important risks to consider. Keto can be socially restrictive, difficult to maintain, and potentially harmful for individuals with a history of disordered eating. “Restrictive diets can empower some people, but they can also trigger old, unhelpful patterns,” Dar cautioned.
Getting Help with Depression
If you are experiencing symptoms of depression, it’s important to remember that you are not alone — help is available. Reaching out to a doctor or mental health professional is the first step toward finding the right support. Treatment often involves counseling, therapy, medication such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), or a combination of approaches tailored to individual needs.
For those considering dietary changes, some clinicians may recommend a ketogenic diet as a complementary tool alongside standard treatments. Mike Kocsis, founder of Balance My Hormones, advises transitioning gradually to reduce side effects: “Lower carbs slowly over one to two weeks instead of cutting them overnight. This can help minimize ‘keto flu’ symptoms like fatigue and headaches.” He also recommends focusing on whole foods, non-starchy vegetables, quality proteins, and healthy fats like olive oil, nuts, and avocados.
Therapist Shelly Dar emphasizes that the keto diet is not the only option. Less restrictive approaches, such as adopting a Mediterranean-style diet or simply increasing whole food intake, have also been linked to improved mood. Ultimately, the goal is sustainability. “What matters most is finding a routine that supports mental health without creating added stress or pressure,” Dar explained.
Beyond diet, lifestyle factors remain powerful tools in managing depression. Consistent sleep, regular physical activity, therapy, strong social support, and reducing alcohol or substance use can all significantly influence mood. “Small, steady changes — like improving sleep or building daily structure — can be just as stabilizing as larger interventions,” Dar noted.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
Can the ketogenic diet cure depression?
No. Current research suggests that keto may help reduce symptoms of depression, but it is not a cure. It should only be considered as a supportive therapy alongside professional treatment.
How does the ketogenic diet affect the brain?
When in ketosis, the brain shifts from glucose to ketones for fuel. This change may improve mitochondrial function, reduce inflammation, stabilize blood sugar, and support neurotransmitters like GABA, which are linked to mood regulation.
Is it safe to follow a ketogenic diet for mental health?
For most healthy adults, keto can be safe when done correctly. However, it may not be suitable for everyone — especially individuals with a history of eating disorders, certain metabolic conditions, or nutrient deficiencies. Always consult a doctor before starting.
Can I stop taking antidepressants if I start keto?
No. Medication should never be discontinued without medical supervision. The Ohio State study showed benefits when keto was used alongside medication and counseling, not as a replacement.
Are there alternatives to keto for improving mood?
Yes. Other dietary patterns, such as the Mediterranean diet or simply increasing whole, nutrient-dense foods, have also been shown to support mental well-being.
What are the risks of the ketogenic diet?
Potential risks include nutrient deficiencies, social restrictions, digestive issues, and the “keto flu” (fatigue, headaches, and brain fog during transition). Long-term adherence can also be difficult.
What lifestyle changes support depression recovery alongside diet?
Healthy sleep habits, regular exercise, therapy, social support, and reducing alcohol or drug use are all powerful tools for improving mood and supporting long-term recovery.
Conclusion
The ketogenic diet shows promising potential as a complementary approach to managing depression, with early research suggesting significant improvements in mood, cognitive function, and overall well-being. However, experts caution that these findings are preliminary and should not replace established treatments such as therapy, medication, and professional support.
While ketosis may positively influence brain chemistry and energy metabolism, more rigorous and larger-scale studies are needed to confirm its long-term effectiveness and safety in mental health care. For now, keto should be viewed as an optional, supportive strategy rather than a standalone solution.
